If I had only one summer to try having a food forest, I would go with perennial plants. Plants that my family will eat.
Perennial plants require less water once they have been established.
Next, I would go with native plants and what people grew in pioneer times in your area.
Your description of your land with sagebrush and junipers makes it sound like you may have dry conditions in the summer.
I would recommend Geoff Lawton’s “Greening the Desert” videos.
Your post has a lot of questions that I don't know the answer to so I hope some of our members can answer some of those.
Here is a thread that might offer some suggestions:
https://permies.com/t/141574/Forest-Garden-Desert
And while you are not in a Mediterranean climate this thread might off some suggestions for plants that don't need a lot of water:
https://permies.com/t/165230/Species-Dryland-Mediterranean-Food-Woodland
Be sure to research what plants might work for you for your land.