I think the issue would be to keep people from neglecting the worms. It seems to me that people might be willing to leave compostable material at the curb because it makes them feel good and gets rid of waste. It's as easy as taking out the trash. With a worm bin, it's like having a pet only... not so cute. You're right, there is a lot that can go wrong. I imagine you'd be getting a lot of calls from people with sick worm bins and that would take up more time than it would be worth if you just left the worms with the customer. Replacing worms could get pricey if you don't have a huge supply.
You may find it more profitable to set up a worm farm yourself and let people pay you to pick up their food waste. Then you have more control over the worms and what they eat and don't eat and how much. By doing on a large enough scale you could sell castings, worms,
compost disposal service and even worm bins "kits" to people interested in doing it themselves. I suppose a part of the business could be what you are talking about, but you might be better off having more control over things.
If I was going to go through the trouble of maintaining a worm bin, I don't think I'd pay somebody to dump it out and bring me a new one.
I'd also make sure that the deposit you charge covers the cost of materials, as many people may be embarrassed to tell you they failed and you'll likely never see that bin back again.
Just my two cents
Hope I wasn't too harsh.