Under perfect condition a walnut tree will grow to 150ft.
But a mature height of 70ft - 80ft is more common.
Most nurseries
sell a 'dwarf' version that only grow to 50ft
Getting a 80ft tree to turn into just av10ft tree is asking for too much.
Butternut, Heartnut, and Buartnut Walnut are a different species in the same family they only get to 25ft. So that could be considered a 'dwarf'.
Juglans californica height is also only 25ft
Texas walnut (Juglans microcarpa) = 10ft - 30ft. I have never tasted the nut.
This one is your best bet for getting a dwarf walnut.
It would be cool if someone crossed this 10ft plant with a 25ft (Butternut/etc)
Texas walnut is not as cold hardy though.
You can always do bonsai, and any walnut tree would survive. Just don't expect to stop pruning or think that fruiting will scale down linearly. There will pretty much be 'no fruit' aka nuts.
Allegheny chinquapin, American chinquapin, dwarf chestnut, chinquapin chestnut (Castanea pumila) is a different species in the chestnut family, normally around 12ft tall, the nuts are good