What a delightful conversation about herbs! Thanks to everyone who has chimed in here to share their favorites! Heck yeah to the ones mentioned so far -
Plantain makes a fantastic 'spit poultice' (chew up a few leaves to make a mash and pack it onto an ingrown nail or infected nail bed for relief).
Calendula is so useful for wounds and infection.... I gather the flowers, dry them, pack them into a mason jar, cover with olive oil, and leave in a sunny window for several weeks to steep. The strained oil is a lovely golden yellow, and eases pain, speeds repair of broken tissue, and discourages infection.
Nettle is an excellent tonic for a leaky or overactive urinary system in microdoses of 1-2 drops of tincture in half cup of water daily for 3-4 weeks.
Arnica, another in the Compositae family is also a great friend in my garden, to make a tincture or salve that eases bruising, speeds healing and engenders stamina. In Roman times so so long ago, the soldiers would hunt for arnica plants in the meadows where they camped, and rub them on the soles their feet to ease them after a days march.
Valerian is also a valued plant in my medicinal garden. There is so much value in offering a calming to those who are agitated in a tumultuous world... It was widely used in the US Civil war, and given to soldiers who had 'shell shock'. It was included in the US pharmacological medicinary until stronger medications overtook longstanding herbal preparations. More info here for those who like to get the backstory:
https://www.civilwarmed.org/valerian/ Can be used in tea, tincture, salve, as an ammoniated herb (very helpful for insomnia).
New Jersey tea (ceanothus americanus) is another favorite - used in microdose of the tincture, it strengthens immunty, spleen, lymph - great in winter time for those whose tonsils were removed in the past, and have indications of spleen / immune weakness.
Another favorite is Goldenseal (hydrastis canadensis) - it has so many uses, but of all of them, the one I value the most is ease from gall bladder colic - 3-5 drops of tincture in a quarter cup of hot water (not boiling, just perfect-cuppa-to-sip-hot) taken ever 10-15 minutes can relieve pain and help pass stones or sludge.
And great to ssee the discussion including homeopathy.... there are valuable tools in herbs and homeopathics - so I do not feel any need to choose between them. I use both often and have for 30+ years. I find it works very well for humans, livestock, plants, crops. Here is some more backstory along with some 'how to" for using it in the garden:
https://arizonahomeopathic.org/treat-the-plant-not-the-pest/
Looking forward to hearing about other herbs that any of you have to share...