Jeremy Bunag wrote:
How can you tell if you do have some nice fungus working for you? The presence of mushrooms? Any mushrooms?
...
That leads to the question: Does the species of fungus matter, as long as it's not one of the yucky ones (like rust)?
I looked it up. (Colonization of Soybean by Mycorrhizal Fungi and Spore Populations in Iowa Soils, by S. Khalil and T.E. Loynachan)
Colonization was determined by evaluating the percentage of root segments with VAM fungi. The average colonization of plant roots from all soils was 8%, and the average Bray P1 soil-test value was 60.3 mg kg–1 (values greater than 30.5 are considered by the Iowa State Soil Testing Laboratory to be very high). Abundant colonization was unexpected in these high-P fertility soils because most authors report extensive colonization to occur mainly in plants growing in soils of low fertility. The VAM fungal spores were quite common in all rhizosphere soils sampled and ranged from 66 to 998 spores 100 g–1 soil. Total spore counts were significantly different among soil series (P < 0.001) and within soil series (P < 0.01). A negative correlation (P < 0.05) was found between soil organic matter, P, and VAM fungal colonization.
Sounds like vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the type you're interested in: Translating from Latin, they make little "trees" of tubes that extend down from the roots. Sounds like some fungi tend to live symbiotically in this vesicular-arbuscular arrangement, most aren't as directly important to plant health, some are harmful...kinda like humans and bacteria.
Translating from Expert-ese: the spores are almost everywhere. They seem to grow better when the soil is poor: perhaps the roots bribe them with sugar?
My understanding of how to know: Dig up a chunk of sod, about twice as deep as your roots run but not necessarily very wide. Brush the soil carefully off some of the roots, and you'll see them if they're there. Photos exist on Stamets' site and elsewhere on the internet, of what you're looking for. I guess putting some fungus-chow in the bottom of the hole before the sod goes back on wouldn't hurt.
"the qualities of these bacteria, like the heat of the sun, electricity, or the qualities of metals, are part of the storehouse of knowledge of all men. They are manifestations of the laws of nature, free to all men and reserved exclusively to none." SCOTUS, Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kale Inoculant Co.