Tim,
I would recommend building the core from the best materials. Burning
wood is more challenging for refractory ceramics than burning coal or gas, because of alkaline slag that is eroding bricks.
Zirconium coatings may protect the bricks against slagging.
I saw some website with comparison of two masonry heaters needing maintenance. The one built with lower rating bricks needed serious repairs. The other one with Pilot DP bricks lasted 20 years not affected too much. Operating temperature of rocket cores is higher.
I would assume that min 40% Al2O3 bricks
should last at least 20-30 years. With coating probably more. High alumina bricks may be even better choice.
Building lower, but wider bell will require less material removal for maintenance.
Of
course it will only help when the bell is simple. If it has more ornate brickwork then the removal and reassembly will take longer.
Yasin Gach has solved the problem of maintenance by having the masonry bell with steel removable top.
Yasin Heaters