The geometry of a compost pile is very important.
There are many possible shapes, depending on where you are and your climate.
In most
temperate climates, an egg-shaped ("igloo") or pyramidal (triangular) shape would work well. If it is an dry climate, you might want to cut the tip off the pyramid and make an indentation for water to collect. If it is too dry, you might have to use a compost pit to maintain good moisture. The fastest way to kill a pile is to let it dry out.
Over 120F proteins (enzymes) start to break down. Yes, it means you can kill seeds, but you can kill a lot of other good things too. But as long as it stays below 140F and above 108F, you will get some great activity.
If you are in the
tropics, you probably wouldn't want to compost exclusively above ground at all. In the tropics, the constant outer warmth causes exceedingly fast decomposition -- part of why there's so little organic matter in rainforest soil. You might actually want to make a compost "pit" in the tropics, like Sir Albert Howard did during the dry seasons. During the monsoons he'd move it all to short hills under a covering.
In
winter, you will probably want to stack taller to generate more warmth and favor a pointed top.
In
summer, you will probably want to add more water; you might want a rounded top or a trench if you have dry summers. If you have wet summers, you might still want a domed top so that the tip doesn't overheat.
The best times for a compost pile to be build will be
spring and
fall. In the fall, you will have a naturally "colder" pile because many of the weeds and grasses will have flowered and started to go to seed: a much higher C/N ratio, which is not a bad thing. In the spring, the fresh green growth with have a lot more N. If you build a pile mid-Summer or mid-Winter, you will have opposite problems: in the summer, it is likely to get too hot and you will lose a lot of good organic matter. In the Winter, it is more likely to stay too cold/wet and get anaerobic which will result in leaching of valuable nitrogen. In the summer, you might add more carbonaceous materials to keep it cool; in the winter, you might add more manure to keep it warm. In the summer, you will almost certainly want to keep the pile in the shade; in the winter, the pile would almost certainly be benefited being situated on the south-facing side of a building or even in a
greenhouse.
As a rule, every living organism has an inside and an outside and a
skin to separate and mediate between those two realms. As a compost pile is built, it should always be covered with a layer of good topsoil. If the soil is sandy, the layer should probably be thicker. If the soil is clayey, the layer will not need to be so thick. As an extra measure, a breathable "fleece" should be used to cover the pile to maintain its humidity (if dry outside) or to keep it dry
enough (if very wet outside). I use old landscaping fabric, which is cheap if you get it secondhand.
If you have a
sandy soil, the soil beneath the pile should probably be layered not only with dry woody material but with a good high-CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) clay. Sandy soil will not have to worry nearly as much as clayey soils about air, the most difficult part of composting.
If you have a
clayey soil, you might even add sand to help prevent the pile from getting "wet feet."
A compost pile should be about
10% topsoil by volume, possibly more if sandy.
Another thought for building a compost pile, assuming it is all at one time, is to put hotter/dryer elements (like rabbit manure) at the bottom/center and to put colder/wetter elements (like cow manure) towards the top. With airier elements at the bottom and sloppier wetter elements at the top, better air circulation can be encouraged.
Consider growing (inoculated) legumes like clover or Austrian Winter Peas around the compost site to encourage good N-fixing bacteria. Also consider growing Birch, Alder, or
Black Locust near your compost pile to shade (moderate) the temperature & humidity but also to inject your pile with N-fixing nodules.