F Agricola wrote:
In our rural areas, artificial lighting attracts thousands of insects, which attracts frogs, that then attract snakes and nocturnal birds.
I think this is likely to be the most significant effect of artificial street lighting, although perhaps attenuated where there are many street lights.
I live in a rural area where the power utility offers very cheap always-on after dark security lights (mercury vapor? sodium? not sure) that come on at dusk. There are three on this property that were set up by people no longer alive when the utilities were installed in 1971 or so. Two of them illuminate parts of my garden. I can't see any sign that the light intensity is
enough to make a difference, any more than the bright full moon does. But there surely are a lot of insects swarming those lights at certain times! And though I have not taken a census, I'm morally confident that has affected the population of critters that eat insects.
What I can't say is how the interplay of many factors affects my garden on balance: killing insects by exhausting them as they swarm the light, killing insects by causing them to be eaten, attracting insects that are not killed which go on to pollinate or do other beneficial things, attracting insects that are not killed which go on to eat my plants or do other detrimental things, attracting insect predators that also prey on insects (beneficial or detrimental) in my garden that didn't care about the light, and so forth. I'm sure there are effects, but is it all just a big wash?
Intuitively I suspect that the lights are overall detrimental to insect populations, which probably puts a stress on the
local ecosystem that I'd prefer was not there. But it's a very local stress, and if it's drawing in insects and insect predators alike from a broader area (which it is) I would *guess* that the net affect on my garden is a slight benefit, because having those insect predators around is better than not having them. But really, I'm just guessing.