A couple more thoughts:
A haystack would produce a much, much stronger structure than
hay bales, due to the naturally domed shapes they can take on: no strings to hold tension=no rectilinear masonry-breaking spans.
It's probably a very good idea to have the chimney and other ventilation channels in place before the pour, both because they'd be difficult to retrofit in, and to keep the hay in good shape until it can be eaten.
It might be more
sustainable to follow an incremental construction method, rather than calling in a couple mixer trucks for one big pour. The haystack could be shaped, covered with plaster, then stucco, maybe some wire reinforcement, and a few more coats of masonry. Perhaps papercrete or similar could be included somewhere in the layering process, to improve insulation value. Bales would be great as scaffolding, though, or perhaps earth could be built up around the structure as the last layer is added up to the next increment of height. I realize that many hours of trowel work can now be a lot less accessible than a few minutes of time with heavy equipment, but that isn't so everywhere, and might not always be so even here in America.
"the qualities of these bacteria, like the heat of the sun, electricity, or the qualities of metals, are part of the storehouse of knowledge of all men. They are manifestations of the laws of nature, free to all men and reserved exclusively to none." SCOTUS, Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kale Inoculant Co.