I am assuming you want the clay to fix your bricks together, the standard grey potters clay will be more than adequate as it is normally around 25-28% alumina and fired to around 2200f in a standard kiln.
I mix mine with 50% silica sand and
water to make a nice mix, the thing about clay is it doesn't really stick anything together very well at all!
When it is wet the clay will offer a pretty good strong bond but when it drys out you can just break the seal very easily so you dont actually need a high quality, high alumina fire clay to bed bricks together.
Basically the higher the alumina content the higher temp it will take before it turns into a brick!
So the brown ‘earthenware ’ clay is fired to around 1700f and standard grey potters clay is fired to around 2000-2300f
So most folk building a
rocket stove, use the clay to seal and stabilise the bricks together, to fill gaps and level out courses.
However once it has been heated and full dried, you can quite easily dismantle what ever you have built and clean up the bricks.
Personally I am not a big fan of using clay because it is very messy and can mark the brick face making your work look scruffy! ( i build pizza ovens for a living)
If I am using new clean fire brick then I use fire cement in a tube fitted in a mastic gun, if I am using red clay brick I use what is called ‘home brew’ that is a mix of lime, cement, sand and powdered clay.
Home brew is very easy to use but has an upper limit of around 600c .
If you are not really bothered about very neat brickwork joints then virtually any clay will do but, if you want super neat brickwork then the mix is more important.