Here's a wee bit of information on fig trees along with a list of eating figs.
There are over 700 named varieties of fig trees, but many of them are of no use to home gardeners.
Fig trees, shrubs and lianas are in the genus Ficus, a part of the fig or mulberry family (Moraceae).
Most of them are found in the tropical regions of the world.
There are some that can live in the warmer temperate areas.
Many species may turn invasive in the right location.
Many species of Ficus have aerial roots and are epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants) or hemiepiphytes (starts off the same as the epiphytes, but the roots eventually reach the ground).
The ficus genera is distinguished by their fruit, which is called a syconium.
An easier to understand this description is: An Inverse flower, where what is normally found on the exterior is found on the interior.
Both male and female flowers are found within a hollow stem (the "fruit" we are familiar with).
They are pollinated by different wasp species.
These flowers develop seeds, which are the true fruits.
Like the pineapple, this is also considered a multiple fruit since the fruit is made up of a bunch of flowers fused together.
The traditional banyan tree is the Indian banyan, though this name may be used for several different species of fig trees.
They may also be called strangler figs because of the way they grow.
They can sprout in the holes and cracks of an established tree and over time grow around the trunk, effectively strangling the other tree.
These trees are epiphytic and the branches form roots that stretch towards the ground and take hold.
This effect can make the tree spread out over a large area.
Now that we have covered some of the basics of the Ficus genra, here are some of the species with a wee description.
Latin Name: Ficus benghalensis
Other Common Names: Banyan, strangler fig, Bengal fig, Indian fig, East Indian fig
Native to: India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
USDA Zones: 10-12
Height: Over 100' tall.
Some specimens spread out over a wide area that can be several acres.
This species would make a most awesome tree house tree.
Latin Name: Ficus microcarpa
Other Common Names: Laurel fig, laurel rubber, Indian laurel, curtain fig, Malayan banyan, Cuban laurel, Indian laurel fig, strangling fig
Native to: India and Malaysia
USDA Zones: 9-11
Height: 50-60' tall
The Chinese banyan is another species known as the strangling fig.
This is commonly used as a street tree in tropical areas.
As the Latin species name tells you, the fruits are small for figs.
Latin Name: Ficus congesta
Other Common Names: Congested fig, red leaf fig, Shatterthwaite fig
Native to: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines
USDA Zones: Likely 10-11
Height: 10-50' tall
Yet another member of the "strangler fig" family
This species can be used to build living bridges, most of the strangler fig family can be utilized in the same way.
Latin Name: Ficus lyrata
Other Common Names: Fiddle-leaf fig, banjo fig
Native to: Western Africa
USDA Zones: 10-11
Height: Up to 100' tall in the wild
The large leaves are similar in shape to a fiddle, inspiring the common name.
This too acts as a strangler fig in its native habitat.
It is a recipient of the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Latin Name: Ficus macrophylla
Native to: Australia
USDA Zones: 10-11. Can probably survive in 9 if it is mature.
Height: Can be over 200' tall
This species of fig features huge, curving roots that form above the surface.
This is the type of tree seen in "Jurassic Park" when they find dinosaur eggs out in the park.
This is yet another strangler fig.
Latin Name: Ficus elastica
Other Common Names: Rubber fig
Native to: India and Indonesia
USDA Zones: 10-11
Height: Can be over 100' tall in the wild
The latex sap from this tree was once used in the rubber-making process. Latex now mostly comes from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis).
You will often find this species currently as a houseplant around the world. Mostly called a "Rubber Plant" or "Rubber Tree."
Latin Name: Ficus benjamina
Other Common Names: Benjamin's fig
Native to: South Asia and Australia
USDA Zones: 10-11
Height: Can reach a height of about 100' in its native region
Their trunks can be braided or plaited, which will cause the wood to grow together over time.
When you hear someone talking of their ficus houseplant, this is the one they usually mean.
Fig fruits are considered to be an aphrodisiac in many cultures.
So let us now get into the specifics of those wonderful figs that we love to eat.
All of the varieties fall into four fig types:
Caprifigs – Caprifigs only produce male flowers and never bear fruit. Their only purpose is to pollinate female fig trees.
Smyrna – Smyrna figs bear all female flowers. They have to be pollinated by a caprifig.
San Pedro – San Pedro figs bear two crops: one on leafless mature wood that requires no pollination and one on new wood that requires pollination by a male flower.
Common figs – Common figs are the type usually grown in home landscapes.
They don’t need another tree for pollination.
Figs that require pollination have an opening that allows the pollinating wasps entry the internal flowers.
Common figs don’t need an opening, so they are less susceptible to rot caused by insects and rainwater entering the fruit.
Here are some different types of figs in the common group that perform well in home gardens:
Celeste, is a small to medium-size brown or purple fig that grows on a fairly large tree.
It produces dessert quality fruit that ripens earlier than most other figs.
Alma figs, aren’t much to look at but the fruit has excellent, rich flavor. It ripens late in the season.
Brown Turkey, produces a crop of large, tasty figs over a long season.
The fruit has attractive flesh and few seeds.
Purple Genca, also called Black Genoa or Black Spanish, is a large, deep purple variety with sweet, red flesh.
Adriatic Figs,These pale green to pale yellow figs are sometimes called "white figs" for their light color.
Some varieties are striped.
They have bright pink to brilliant red insides and an extra-sweet flavor.
They are harvested in June and again in August.
Black Mission, extremely sweet (sometimes they even ooze a bit of syrup).
Are perfect for serving plain or with yogurt or tangy fresh cheese (such as Marscapone, Fromage Blanc, or farmers cheese) for dessert.
They have blackish-purple skin and dark pink flesh.
Brown Turkey figs have brownish-dark purple skin, a milder flavor than other figs,
are noticeably less sweet than the similar-looking Black Mission figs.
Brown Turkey figs work well in salads or in desserts where a sweetener will be used.
Calimyrna, are comparatively large, with slightly golden skin and a pinkish flesh that has a distinctive nutty flavor.
Plus, they are simply gorgeous just cut up and served as-is.
You can find what I consider a very complete list of eating figs with fruit taste ratings
Here:
Adrianos fig trees
Ok, so this is probably more than a wee bit of information