I haven't heard of exactly that being done, but there is one person who has built a 6" RMH which heats a fish tank in a greenhouse. He has brick channels under the water container, and as it is a modest system he just has a plastic liner to hold the water.
You would obviously need a stronger vessel - what are you planning to use? How will you seal around the 12" duct where it enters the tank? What tank dimensions do you anticipate? Where will the tank be located, and will you have planting area on top of it?
In principle it sounds like a viable plan. 12" is a very large system, and you will likely need to use top-shelf materials to stand up to the intense heat in the combustion core. Have you researched the "Rocket Stoves in Greenhouses" thread in this forum?
https://permies.com/t/19178/rocket-stoves/Rocket-stoves-Greenhouses-forum-topic