Not a "cover crop", but come spring, you could plant tomato plants (started indoors several weeks before the last frost) - tomatoes and garlic (and tomatoes and onions) do very well together, as the tomatoes provide shade preventing grass from growing (after getting large
enough - will require weeding for the first two months), and the garlic will ward off bugs from the tomatoes (you'll still have to worry about field
mice, or else plant so much that both you and them get their share of tomatoes). In my limited
experience, the shade from the tomatoes (after growing large enough) prevented new weeds from growing, but the size of the already-in-existence onions didn't seem affected by the shade - I would suspect garlic would do similarly well, but can't be sure.
You could also lay
cardboard down where you don't have anything planted, and after planting the garlic (but before it sprouts) put several inches of woodchips over everything (including the garlic, which will push up through the woodchips (but not through cardboard!)).
Some weeds will still work up through the woodchips (but not the cardboard), though, so some weeding is inevitable, but it's be easier to pull them up, I find.