X2 on the Joe Pye weed. I've also had a lot of butterflies visiting my liatris (blazing star) this summer. New England aster is a good bet for later in the season, it typically blooms deep purple late August through frost. There's Ohio horsemint, which is also dried and used for tea.
As far as bushes, spicebush is host to swallowtail butterflies, and has nice yellow flowers in the spring, and the red berries have been used as a replacement for allspice.
Serviceberry can be an important nectar source for some pollinators early in the spring, and the fruits look and taste a lot like blueberries.
False indigo is a big, lanky shrub with nice purple flowers in June that butterflies go nuts for, and there's some medicinal properties attributed to it, too. Lead plant is closely related, is found on drier/prairie sites, has similar flowers and structure, and is less raggedy looking
But I like buttonbush most- it's a pretty shrub that works well in formal settings, glossy oval leaves and white, globe-shaped flowers that look like little staminate ping-pong balls. Butterflies love them, and they seem to have at least a few flowers going off for most of the summer.
Good luck!