It will probably depend a little bit on what you are trying to accomplish, but generally the thicker the steel, the longer it will last. A piece of bare sheet metal on the ground will rust apart into flakes in no time, but I have pulled metal t-posts out of the ground after 30 years that while quite corroded, were still structurally sound. Your conditions may be different, but I think you could easily figure a decade or two per 1/8th of an inch of thickness before you start to lose structural strength.
A better approach if you are needing ground-contact would be to use
concrete below grade, and then embed some way to fasten a steel structure to the footing.
Galvanized steel is good for resisting corrosion, and EMT is a cheap and versatile building material. Since it is so thin, I prefer to braze it. As you note, you have to strip off the zinc - and it is still a good call to wear a proper respirator while you work on it because you will invariably burn some of the zinc! If you go back and spray all the joints with a coat of silver spraypaint, you end up with a durable and clean-looking result. I have also often used the set-screw EMT couplers in projects, as then you can make modular stuff that can be easily taken apart. I made a
greenhouse frame that way, and it can be dismantled into a pile of pipes that fit in the back of a truck.