Scott, sorry I dont have much knowledge using pumice and fire clay.
Very few materials can survive naked flame for repeated heat cycles but you can buy insulating mix, I bought a bag a few years ago, it did not state the exact ingredients on the bag but, like most insulating fire brick, it dried pure white.
To be honest I find vermiculite board is just so easy to use and it can last as well as any other insulating product, I tend to stick with that.
It is a shame vermiculite is not readily available in the states, I believe it has something to do with a belief it contains asbestos but, it fact it has no know heath hazards and is even used as a mineral supplement in
cattle feed.
In recent years throughout Europe, box stoves have had to comply with strict emission laws and most box stoves are now factory lined with vermiculite board.
I think this use has lead to a better quality board becoming readily available.
Anyway, I have used a lot of Leca clay and especially Moler clay cat litter, mixed with portland cement, as a solid insulating foundation for under the fire brick cooking base of pizza ovens.
Although portland cement is said to crumble at 275-300c in in fact last very well under the fire brick where topside brick surface temps can reach 500c and underside where it touches the Moler Portland mix, 400c .
I have read huge amounts about various DIY insulating mixes, some folk use salt or polystyrene balls that melt out making air spaces and lots of other ideas but I dont think many work in the flame path of a
rocket stove.