For various reasons, mainly frost, your not going to find something earlier in the States.
Just look for early potatoes, and plant the seed potatoes a couple weeks before your last frost average.
When it comes time for -when- you want to harvest your potatoes, if the vines haven't died back on their own, then you break or cut off the vines, and 2 weeks later once the skins have set(for storage reasons), harvest/dig up your potatoes.
This, of
course, will effect how big your potatoes are, but you can do that with just about any potato.
In Newfoundland, we plant about Mid May, and harvest as early as Late July, digging up test plants to see how big the potatoes are. My family once planted store bought Yukon's in Mid-may, and the vines had died off in August, we were sure the sun had killed them, but when we dug them up, the smallest potatoes were the size of a mug, and the biggest ones were the size of dinner plates.
I recommend going with Yukon Gold, a yellow at 65days, or any potato rated for Zone 3/4, which will always do better in a warmer zone.
The size and quality of your potatoes all depends on the quality of your soil for the most part, and the frost date. As long as they get 5ish hours of sun a day, they'll still grow. The size might not be worth it, but they'll grow.
http://www.groworganic.com/non-gmo-and-organic-seeds/vegetable-seeds/seed-potatoes/spring-potatoes.html
Sells some early potatoes, but they won't ship till April for frost & storing reasons unless your on the west-coast.
http://www.burpee.com/vegetables/potatoes/
Has a red potato rated for 60 days, and a fascinating 'masqurade' that's 63 and blotted yellow & purple skin.
https://www.mainepotatolady.com/productcart/pc/viewCategories.asp?idCategory=3
Has a number of Early Potatoes
http://www.potatogarden.com/
Tho there may be shipping restrictions based on the season, or agricultural issues for both sites, depending on your state.