I've grown polyculture with some success in containers. I think it might need to be a very big container to hold a guild. I have lots of containers on my patio, but most hold just one or two kinds of plants; I'm growing for yield, and sharing such a small space impacts yield too much for me. My polyculture of tomato, chard, and calendula did pretty well last year; but this year the calendula is outcompeting the tomato badly--and I'd prefer the tomato!
My biggest container is the wooden base of our old sofa--so it's pretty big compared to the rest which are mostly big planters (though I've got an old laundry basket which is a good size). It too has a polyculture with lots of little things, and everything is getting along (except another tomato! Luckily I have one in its very own planter which is thriving). It has a variety of vegetables and herbs and a couple random flowers.
I have two young peach trees in containers; one shares with some spring onions, the other with chard and nasturtium. Neither has room for much else, though I imagine Charli's idea of a little N fixer would be better for the trees, and just have the other plants in different containers.
Oh yeah, nearly all my containers are mini hugelkultures. My carrot planters aren't, but I think everything else is.
Classy laundry basket planter
Sofa in foreground, peach tree against the fence