Two years ago, I did just what you are thinking about doing. Ludi is correct. The cardboard will form a mat which will inhibit root growth into the soil. But you can use that to your advantage.
I put down cardboard and filled the rest of a raised bed with enough soil,
compost, and mulch material so that I could grow my garden in the added soil. I did this because I wanted to smother the bermuda grass below my garden area. The next year the cardboard had decomposed enough that roots could penetrate the soil without having to compete with the grass.