after being stung pretty good at two different times by two separate nests of ground yellow jackets I did some research, maybe this is true maybe not, but the research asserted that early in the season they prefer protein for developing embryos, later on they are looking more for calories to sustain them through the winter.
I also sort of discovered that they are actually somewhat docile and only get real aggressive when defending their nest--in the one instance I was weeding plants right at the entrance to their nest before they started stinging me, in the other I had a lawn mower right on top of their nest. But in both cases I was extremely close for a period of time and had to seriously intrude on their nest before they had enough of me
I found out that five gallons of urine poured into the nest will kill them (or at least force them to relocate)
I also had lots of yellow jackets nesting on my second floor when I put on the new roof, they had nests in plastic bags and all sorts of unexpected places, and they were so forgiving I actually started to be sympathetic toward them as I was destroying their homes. As I started to figure them out, I would locate where the nest was during the day watching their flying patterns, then early the next morning I could move the nest relatively easily, either picking up the thing they were in and carrying it outside, or using a putty knife to separate the paper comb and the whole nest would fall into a container I had put underneath--often they wouldn't even fly from the comb if it was cool enough, damp, and still a bit dark. Many of them were able to raise their broods in the new locations. relocating the whole nest seemed more effective at moving them than just destroying the nest since they are very dedicated to their brood, and will follow it wherever it goes, even on the ground out in the rain. just destroying the nest usually ends up with wasps that don't know where to go or what to do, continuously returning to where the nest was.
I don't really want them inside next summer, but maybe I'll try and figure out some sort of shelters for them under the eaves just outside. they really make a noticeable difference in the number of other insects around