Please do not ever use GoDaddy. They are a bad service that "does evil".
I have been happy with NameCheap.
http://namecheap.com/
The TLDs (like .com, .org, .farm, etc) will have different prices. I don't think there's any underlying technical reason for that, maybe just the owners of the TLDs trying to maximize profit. Like maybe Tuvalu wants to generate significant income from their ".tv" TLD.
Don't ever have domain service and hosting from the same company. It might sound simpler and easier (and it probably is) but if anything goes wrong you can be totally screwed.
Shared webhosting is where you are sharing a web server with a bunch of other folks. It is a good compromise for small sites that don't get a lot of traffic. They are not the simplest to manage, but still relatively easy.
If you are just doing an informational site, then I'd speculate that using wordpress.com might be OK. They have free plans, but if you want to use your domain name then it looks like you'd need to pay $4/month at least. If you are wanting to do some sales, then make sure you know what you are doing, or hire a pro. Squarespace is a decent option.
Don't ever use simple & easy sites like Wix. They break Internet standards and don't allow you to use good URLs. Like you can't have a page of "myawesomepermy.farm/howtousebiochar" (which is better for search engines) but will instead make you do something stupid like "myawesomepermie.farm/#B68768". And when it's time to upgrade the site, whoever is doing that will hate you for it.
But really, better advice can be given if we know more about the site ideas.