How long do you need the barrier to last? Would it need to allow
water to drain out?
I'm imagining a sheet of 3/4" plywood (not treated) would eventually rot but would hold out
roots for a decade or so. 4 layers would last longer. But it would hinder drainage.
Alternately you could try a series of layers of cedar boards. One layer running E/W and touching as tightly as possible. Another layer on top running N/S and screwed to the layer below. Another E/W layer and one last N/S layer on top of it. That much cedar would last for quite a while and the cracks may allow
enough drainage without hopefully letting roots invade. Tongue and groove cedar would probably seal out roots even better but drain less.
Or a sheet of bare steel sheet metal. It would probably remain solid for a decade or so. The thicker it is the longer it would last.