Sow thistle does not have a stem separating the stalk from the leaves, so I do not think that's what it is.
http://www.eattheweeds.com/sonchus-sow-thistle-in-a-pigs-eye-2/
To me, it looks like a wild lettuce that stupidly sprouted as the seasonal drought began. Simply stressed out. My wild lettuce that I allow to self seed, generally has a stalk that is thicker. Again, I think yours is spindly due to stress. Sometimes I end up with a failed potted planting of something, and lettuce seed ends up in it. This is generally what these sprouts end up looking like.
Your potting soil looks decent, Maybe you've got too much fertilizer in there for a wild food. Wild food will grow in good soil, in the ground, but it really does not like to be coddled.