Joylynn Hardesty wrote:How many years do the branches need support? Or perhaps, for apples, how thick do the branches need to be if the espalier is 6 feet wide, in total.
The 200 year old pear trees in France still have supports in place.
The problem most people have with Formal techniques is that they fail to understand how much support or how much maintenance is required.
These techniques were developed in as far back as the Roman Empire, there were plenty of people whose job was to take care of the grounds.
Formal gardens usually have around 20 gardeners or more that continually tend the grounds.
Espalier was developed to be able to place trees against walls for maxing out the available orchard space. Trees pruned this way are not intended to be standing out in the open, they are supposed to be up against a wall or a
fence.
Pollarding was developed because
apple trees produce from first year branches and when you cut them all off you can force a growth called a crown, where all new branches originate.