How much freedom is too much for young kids?
I don't think kids can be given too much freedom.
They need support, understanding, real conversations, and cheering.
Yes, they need to be taught that actions have consequences. I let them make their own mistakes. I'll warn them if they are likely to get hurt. I talk them down from things that will likely land them in the hospital. When they were little I'd give them a swat on the rear if they did something extremely dangerous (try to run out into the street, etc.).
Yes, they need to be taught to respect other people and volume. My kids know to go outside if they want to be loud or rough house.
Yes, they need to be helped to express themselves, especially when they are younger.
Of course, I've helped to raise six kids and every one of them was very different. I learned a lot... made a lot of mistakes... but feel that they've turned out pretty well so far.
If I had it to do over again the main thing I'd have done differently is teach them at home. No, not home schooling... probably more like unschooling.
I'd have taught them to work on cars, build structures, do plumbing, do electricity, build web sites, weld, etc. And I'd have had to learn some of these things with them.
Once you teach them to read and write I think the next thing is to show them how to teach themselves and be there for them when they need advice or a hand.