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What are the Different Breeds of Cattle?

 
steward
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There are several folks asking about different breeds of cattle.  I thought this would make an interesting topic.

I don't know a lot about the different breeds of cows. We bought all our calves from a cattle breeder whose farm was called "The Fated Calf". We never asked what breed they were and also just assumed they were a mixed breed since they were just going in the freezer.

When I was a kid my mom bought milk from a farmer who had Guernsey cows, I thought it was the best milk I had ever tasted:


source

In Texas, we have a lot of Longhorn cattle:


source

And Hereford cattle, we also call them, white faced:


source

I also found this chart on different breeds that is rather interesting as I didn't know there were so many:


source

What kind of cattle do you have or dream of having and why?
 
pollinator
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Any cattle I get will be a relatively small breed.  I won't do dairy, so they'd be for meat.  And I'm eternally cheap, so processing will be a DIY proposition.  Even a small breed like a Dexter will require me to "beef up" my setup already, but that would be far more doable on a homesteading level than a more common beef breed like an Angus.  The other advantage of small breed cattle is you can fit 2 of them on a smaller acreage plot like mine (4.8 acres total, maybe 3 acres of grazable land), where I'd struggle to keep one large breed adequately fed.  And cattle need to not be alone.

I'll run sheep first.  After several years experience with them I might consider switching to a couple beeves.  I know my wife would prefer beef to lamb, but I would need to work my way up to that.
 
Anne Miller
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I have been contacted by another member who says that the guernsey that I posted is not a guernsey, instead, it is a  Fleckvieh.  As I said, I don't know a lot about the breeds of cows.

The image I found on Pinterest said it is a stock photo of Guernsey.

I decided to look at what Wikipedia says:

The Guernsey is a breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. It is fawn or red and white in colour, and is hardy and docile. Its milk is rich in flavour, high in fat and protein, and has a golden-yellow tinge due to its high β-carotene content. The Guernsey is one of three Channel Island cattle breeds, the others being the Alderney – now extinct – and the Jersey.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey_cattle






The Fleckvieh is a breed of dual-purpose cattle suitable for both milk and meat production. It originated in Central Europe in the 19th century from cross-breeding of local stock with Simmental cattle imported from Switzerland. Today, the worldwide population is 41 million animals.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleckvieh





Credit: All photos are courtesy of Wikipedia.

What do you think since I don't know?

 
pollinator
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In the US the Livestock Conservancy has listed a number of cattle breeds/types that developed in North America. For those looking for breeds that developed to be suitable for a particular area it might be worth a look.  Most are not well known but each has specific genetics that  worked in areas that could be difficult to raise cattle in.  For example Pineywood or Florida Cracker cattle may work better for a southern homestead then European or British breeds.  
Of course there are breeds on the list that did develop elsewhere and have been preserved here including one on the list I want to learn more about the Heritage Shorthorn – Native which is a dual purpose breed.  Also as fiber person I was very intrigued by their listing of the North American Yak as needing study.  Apparently purebred Yaks in North America have been separated from their Asian cousins for over a century and may have developed into a distinct "breed" of Yak that may need to be preserved.
 
pollinator
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Hi,

Have had a little bit of experience with,
Wagyu brahman crossbreeds and less with Droughtmaster's.

Appearance value, such as breeding wagyu with Hereford makes for white faced wagyu which is just....

Another area of value I would like to point out is how easy they are to move and muster, such as if the previous owners used, horses, helicopter, bikes, quads, cars. Can make a real difference!

I am sure most people who would post on this have lifetimes of experience and know all about gene values, and physical traits, ect. So I will leave it to others with more experience to comment on that.









 
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The three cattle breeds I have narrowed down to are ones that are known to be excellent when finished on grass only. I have been focusing my research on ones that are smaller in stature as well... because they are easier on me and the land both. Turns out that smaller breeds are also MUCH more energy efficient as well... since they have less weight to carry around And don't have to build such a large bone structure.

I am still in the learning process... but the three breeds I am looking at are...

1) Dexter: Currently holding the #1 spot to me right now. They are known as the best tasting beef (or one of), great milk, easy birthing, great mothers, excellent foragers (even trees and such are preferred), small (a cow will typically weigh 600 to 700lbs when grown I believe), gentle on the soil compaction due to the weight, and people also used to use them as ox.

2) Aberdeen/Lowline Angus: Basically the size angus cattle used to be... small. (Running out of time now for discriptions. lol )

3) South Poll: Look up Greg Judy on YouTube. His are doing amazing and some really great looking cattle.
 
Andrew Mayflower
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Have you considered the Highland breed?  My neighbors have a couple.  They also seem like a potential good option.
 
Marty Mitchell
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Andrew Mayflower wrote:Have you considered the Highland breed?  My neighbors have a couple.  They also seem like a potential good option.



I only briefly looked into them. I did see that they even come in smaller/mini versions like the Herfords and such do.

I promise to read up on them a bit before making the leap later this Summer. Thank you for the reminder!

~Marty
 
Andrew Mayflower
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Marty Mitchell wrote:

Andrew Mayflower wrote:Have you considered the Highland breed?  My neighbors have a couple.  They also seem like a potential good option.



I only briefly looked into them. I did see that they even come in smaller/mini versions like the Herfords and such do.

I promise to read up on them a bit before making the leap later this Summer. Thank you for the reminder!

~Marty



FWIW, the Dexters are my #1 at the moment too, but I don't know how available they'll be locally.  If my neighbor has calves at some point and if I get fencing completed I'd seriously consider buying a pair.  Doesn't get much more local than that!
 
pollinator
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Marty Mitchell wrote:

Andrew Mayflower wrote:Have you considered the Highland breed?  My neighbors have a couple.  They also seem like a potential good option.



I only briefly looked into them. I did see that they even come in smaller/mini versions like the Herfords and such do.

I promise to read up on them a bit before making the leap later this Summer. Thank you for the reminder!

~Marty



Based on what I've read, highlands are an extremely hardy cattle breed and hold up to cold temps better than most, however the fluffy coat poses a bit of a challenge in areas with hot humid summers, they struggle a little more than a more smooth-coated breed.  Additionally one of the big challenges with them (as well as any other horned breed, but these have longhorn-type horns - big and wide) is if you want to use a more standard working equipment or bale feeder, you may have to account for their horns, as they can't get their heads through a headgate or loop type bale feeder the way a breed with more compact horns might.  

I love the look of them, but we are in Kentucky, where everyone raises standard cattle, and equipment can be had secondhand for much less than new if you're not particular about specifics, and we have hot moist summers.  Because of that, and my weird obsession with at least being able to milk my cattle (even if I never do) and the struggle of getting their head through a milking stanchion gate, I'm likely to opt for dexters of some sort.  
 
Marty Mitchell
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Laurel Jones wrote:

Based on what I've read, highlands are an extremely hardy cattle breed and hold up to cold temps better than most, however the fluffy coat poses a bit of a challenge in areas with hot humid summers, they struggle a little more than a more smooth-coated breed.  Additionally one of the big challenges with them (as well as any other horned breed, but these have longhorn-type horns - big and wide) is if you want to use a more standard working equipment or bale feeder, you may have to account for their horns, as they can't get their heads through a headgate or loop type bale feeder the way a breed with more compact horns might.  

I love the look of them, but we are in Kentucky, where everyone raises standard cattle, and equipment can be had secondhand for much less than new if you're not particular about specifics, and we have hot moist summers.  Because of that, and my weird obsession with at least being able to milk my cattle (even if I never do) and the struggle of getting their head through a milking stanchion gate, I'm likely to opt for dexters of some sort.  



That is a very good point about the larger horns. I have seen some highland cattle in person... and their horns were huge indeed. I would imagine having to just spread the hay out directly on the ground instead in one of the rings. Head gates and shoots would be of major issue. So would trailering...

The fluffy coat was honestly the main reason why I didn't even bother reading up on the highland cattle yet. I live in coastal Virginia on the border of frost zone 7b and 8a. Super hot and humid here. Also, cattle without that slick fur during the Summer times... will have issued here with flies and humidity both. My wife/daughter want at least one or two horse as well. Which means I will be dealing with grooming those already AND my two labradoodles. Having a herd of cattle that need brushing/maintenance does not appeal to me one bit.

The prepared mind I have also VERY much appreciates the ability to milk. When purchasing Dexters... sellers almost always label what kind of proteins that particular cow has. Which is a very good thing!
 
pollinator
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There is a ranch near me that has the Belted Galloways, or as we reter to them, the Oreo Cows.
https://www.homestead.org/livestock/belted-galloways-oreo-cookie-cow/
Oreo-Cows.jpg
[Thumbnail for Oreo-Cows.jpg]
 
Marty Mitchell
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Michael Fundaro wrote:There is a ranch near me that has the Belted Galloways, or as we reter to them, the Oreo Cows.



I have seen some of those on my way into work every day. They do look like healthy cows. Thank you for the link!

I read up on them and they sound like they would work well for my area. That double layer of fur thing sounds interesting. The panda/pinguin/Oreo coloration looks pretty cool as well. lol

They are small too at the cow/heifer grow out weight of 1000 to 1100 lbs. Not as small as the Dexter @ 600 to 700 lbs though (but Dexters are the smallest of the breeds).


Thanks Again!
 
pollinator
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Based on what I've read, highlands are an extremely hardy cattle breed and hold up to cold temps better than most, however the fluffy coat poses a bit of a challenge in areas with hot humid summers, they struggle a little more than a more smooth-coated breed.  Additionally one of the big challenges with them (as well as any other horned breed, but these have longhorn-type horns - big and wide) is if you want to use a more standard working equipment or bale feeder, you may have to account for their horns, as they can't get their heads through a headgate or loop type bale feeder the way a breed with more compact horns might.  

 
Jeff Marchand
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ug messed up on my quote above.

Anyhoo,
Ive raised Highlands, Black Angus, Charlais and now am settling in on Herefords.  Herefords 'cause are famously good mothers.

Yes Highlands are hardy but so are any other British Beef Breeds in my opinion.  My Highlands did just fine outside with no shelter in my Canadian winters, but so did my other beef cattle. Charlais is French and they did fine too in cold but ones I got did nt do well on grass.  I raise beef for sale and I find the Highlands are too slow growing to be profitable.  Highland cows will figure out how to put their head in a round bale feeder.  I have had excellent success cross breeding Highlands with other breeds.  You get cross breed vigor.  They grow nice and fast.  Biggest stocker I ever raised was from a Holstein-Black Angus (aka Black White Face) cross bred to a Highland bull.  Hybrid vigour with lots of milk from mom with her dairy heritage.

I dont currently have any shelter for my grass fed beef, so I would never consider any pure dairy cow or any breed from a southern climate like an Indian or African.  

How winter hardy are Texas Longhorns? Anyone know?
 
Jeff Marchand
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I forgot to mention that ruminants, especially big ones like cattle have trillions upon trillions of microbes busily breaking down grasses in their rumens.  Each one probably produces a nano calorie of waste heat per day so a well fed cow has a portable furnace between their spine and belly button to keep them warm.  If their bellies are full of hay they are warm. I have no experience raising cattle on corn, I suspect that may not be true then.  
 
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Hey. Has anyone had or worked with the milking shorthorn cow? I’m curious about this breed as a homestead milk cow.
 
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