There are a couple of ways we often compare how big a heater is appropriate for a given space.
Square feet turns out not to be a great predictor, but it's the one fact about houses that most people know off the top of their heads, probably because it's how we
sell them.
The heating load actually depends more on the surface areas of walls, ceilings, and especially on the insulation values of those materials. And of course on the climate.
Here is a calculator that lets you estimate the heating load for your own home, and incidentally may tell you a lot about key heat-loss areas to improve.
http://www.builditsolar.com/References/Calculators/HeatLoss/HeatLoss.htm
Another way is to roughly compare how much heat per month you'd get by comparing similar houses in similar climates that have used a given size of heater.
Heating about 3000 to 5000 sf in northern California, or 800 to 1500 SF on an inland mountain near the Canadian border, turns out to be a similar size of job, and we have used an 8" J-type heater successfully in both these situations.
Here is a website that lets you look up heating degree days, a measure of the total difference in heat to make up over the course of the year. Of course it doesn't tell you everything - like how long a cold snap might last, or whether you get warm days and cold nights or just damp clingy chill, but it's a good start for comparing someone else's situation when all you know is their house size and general location.
http://www.huduser.org/portal/resources/UtilityModel/hdd.html
The short
answer is, unless your climate is pretty mild, you'd probably want one of the larger heater sizes: an 8" J-type, or maybe a 6" or 8" batch-type (depends a bit on whether the materials you use let you burn the 6" batch type multiple times without overheating anything).
Yours,
Erica W