posted 1 month ago
the whole 8 cups of water started in the late 1800s, early 1910s with a few studies of what an active soldier needs to survive when working in desert conditions. 8 cups (smaller than what we use for a 1-cup measure, which is considerably smaller than the "glass" measurement we use to measure water today) was the minimum. This can be obtained through food as well as through drinking.
Active working soldier. That's a good 12 hours a day of doing physical stuff, outside, in exposed conditions, in that day and age.
It wasn't until about 100 years later that people started studying this again with mixed results. The focus was no longer on surviving in extreme conditions but "healthy". The measurement of "healthy" determines the conclusion of the study.
Generally, a traditional diet, with minimal salt, and all other nutrition balanced, no processed foods, very little water is needed even if moderately active. A modern diet, yep, at least two liters of water seems to be required to prevent dehydration for a sedentary lifestyle.
To put it another way
Most of human history, drinking water was a good way to die before reaching breeding age. Most of human history we would drink "dehydrating" drinks like wine, beer, sake, broth, etc. Fermented or salted liquids and get the rest of our moisture through the food we ate. It didn't kill off the species (not as fast as "fresh" water did in some places). So the modern "8 glasses a day" really goes well with "modern diet and lifestyle" and isn't a universal truth.