I suppose it is the ultimate in
solar gain!
I can see some advantages: it doesn't matter so much the house orientation, great for indoor
gardening, airlocks automatically built in, the inner house would not need to be quite so waterproof....
The glass envelope would need to be much stronger than a typical
greenhouse. I'm thinking access for maintenance, wind loading and so on. Maybe a commercial greenhouse might be already up to the job though?
There would be some practical downsides though - first, and maybe not the most important, all those windows to clean! Other problems might be birds flying into the windows (pooping on the roof), as you say air circulation will have to be carefully thought out, in northern climes the summer days are long and heat and humidity will need working out.
I had a feeling I've come across this idea before, but I'm afraid I can't remember where.