I recently stumbled across this book,
The Wild Wisdom of Weeds: 13 Essential Plants for Human Survival by Katrina Blair. The great thing about this book is that these weeds grow on every continent, so the information is relevant no matter where you are. The not so great thing about this book is that there's a lot of talk of her personal (sometimes bordering on the uninformed and insensitive)
philosophy at the start. I've only read the first bit, but it seems like there's some good stuff in here, complete with recipes, medicinal guides, and more. The thirteen weeds in question are:
amaranthchickweedcloverdandeliondockgrassknotweedlambsquartermallowmustardplantainpurslainethistle.