How do you balance ventilation and warmth in a poultry house?

I am trying to understand how people balance fresh air with temperature control in poultry housing.
Too little ventilation can create moisture and ammonia issues, while too much uncontrolled airflow can make birds uncomfortable in cold or wet weather.
What design details have made the biggest difference for your setup: ridge vents, side curtains, fans, insulation, house orientation, or stocking density?

I'd suggest reading Fresh-Air Poultry Houses: The Classic Guide to Open-Front Chicken Coops for Healthier Poultry by Prince T. Woods: https://www.amazon.com/dp/097217706X (And I think the text is available online for free if that's easier for you.)

And check out this thread: https://permies.com/t/177926/shelters-habitat/Woods-Fresh-Air-coop-build