Choosing sustainable software: my personal rules of thumb after 35 years of computing

When it comes to finding and choosing new software to use, I'm beyond conservative.  I'm fucking weary.

I've been using personal computers and choosing software for more than 35 years now.

I've lost so much data over the years. The media failed. The computer failed. The "upgrade" changed the file format; the next one "forgot" the old format. The software company died. Somebody bought the company and killed the software.  The computer got obsolete and I had to switch. The new computer refused to talk to the old media. The media's fine but there's no reading peripheral that connects to the new computer. The software doesn't work without an internet connection to a verification server that doesn't exist any more. The software needs an upgrade but there's no profit in making one so nobody does.  The software always stored its data in the clown (oops, I mean the cloud) and the clown died when bad things happened at the software company.  The software tries to sync everything but one day it synced the wrong way and wrote no files over your files. I could go on like this for quite a while.

My point is: software is ephemeral.  It's a lot more ephemeral (so far) than me. And it's a lot of fucking work to find software that will do a thing, plus a lot more fucking work learning how to use it.  What we need is sustainable software that we can use forever, or until our needs change.

Luckily, this is often possible.  You do have to be stubborn about not getting locked into shitty software due to impatience or desperation, but I am very good at stubborn. When it comes to software, I am a fucking champion curmudgeon.

Here are the rules I have developed for myself over a third of a century of picking software:

1) Strive to choose open source software.  If it has a currently-active developer community with at least a decade of history, that's best. (Usually that means a forum with a lot of help/answers you can Google.)  Open source, to me, means software where the code is public and downloadable. This means, in theory, that nobody can ever take it away, lock it up, or tell you not to run it.  If the project dies because all the people who can code lost interest, I can keep using it until it breaks because of computer upgrades and such.  Even then, I could in theory tinker with the code and fix it.  Since I'm not a programmer, that means I'd have to pay somebody else to tinker with the code and fix it, but that's often cheaper than you would think; if it's business-critical, it could be done.  Or, at least, you could pay somebody to write a data export function converting your stuff into stuff that some new software can understand.

2) Strive to choose software that uses the most basic, common, lowest-common-denominator file formats.  Like .txt, .bmp, .jpg, .gif, .rtf, .epub, .mp3, and a few dozen more.  Access to LOTS of different file formats and the ability to import/export/convert between formats is a plus.  Some of the most basic file formats have been around for decades, and future tools are likely to incorporate import/convert functions for these formats for decades more.  Complicated proprietary formats are much more likely to become unreadable, sooner rather than later.  Media is fragile/ephemeral but if your formats are useful, you're more likely to copy old media onto new as your computing environment evolves.

3) Strive to choose software that stores your stuff in rational ways, such as simple human-readable file folders, preferably with descriptive filenames in standard formats. That way, if the software dies, your data lives on.  Strive to use software that curates your data and propels it as far into the future as technically possible.  Software that makes a present of your data, wraps it in bows and ribbons, puts nice clear labels on it, and FedExes it to future you, fumbling in forgotten directories in 2037.

4) Related to 3), strive to find software that lets you control things like where you save your data (probably, for example in the Windows environment, in a folder of your choosing accessible via the Desktop) instead of dumping it deep in a nested nightmare of cryptic subdirectories.  Control over format of filenames and directory names is also very important.  But a prescribed directory structure can be OK if it's rational (like, all the ebooks go in /ebooks/ in alphabetized /author/ subdirectories with filenames that are the title).  Bad example to avoid: software like Itunes desktop app that splits up your 10,000 music files into random-named directories with (say) 256 files in each directory, and then gives the individual .mp3 files names like XRJ75 and QRS7J.

5) Strive to choose software that will store your data locally, on a hard drive or media that you own and control.  This is another way of saying "Never put your data in the cloud." "The cloud" is marketing-speak for somebody else's computer.  They can turn it off, delete your data, hold your data hostage, hand your data over to any cop or bureaucrat who emails them a good story, whatever. They control it, not you. That's bad.  Jason Scott, archivist for the Internet Archive, calls it "the clown."  Never put your data in the clown.  If somebody suggests you put your data in the cloud, change the word "cloud" to "clown" and ask yourself if the proposition still sounds good to you.  "Sure, I'm happy to put my data in the clown."  Right.  No. Fuck the cloud.

6) Be very careful about synching. Think twice about software that "syncs" your data between your different computers and tablets and phones and such.  Usually they don't actually sync it; they just tell each device to upload it to the clown, and then keep it in the clown until your other device asks for it.  If the clown dies, you're shit outta luck.  Open source software is more likely to use a hub model, for instance, setting up a private passworded web server on your desktop computer that your other devices can connect to.  But even here, scrutinize the interfaces and make sure it's not easy/possible to sync something the wrong way.  Apple's desktop iTunes software was notorious for this; you could have 10,000 music files in your desktop library and hook up the wrong device or click the wrong button, and BOOM! Now your library is the twelve songs that were on your kid's iPod, so sorry about the three years you spent building out the metadata on those other songs.  

7) Strive to choose software that will store as much metadata as possible in the files themselves.  Many file formats (like .mp3s for music or many digital photo formats) have metadata built into the file formats along with the music or photo or whatever.  So if your music software lets you enter album information, track numbers and stuff like that, it should also write that info into the file, where it can be read by other software that speaks the same format standard.  Crappy software (usually proprietary, not open source) will use a shitty internal database in some proprietary format to store that data, so you lose it all if you start using some other software to look at your files.  

There's more, but that's enough to get started.  I don't think any software I have ever encountered gets a perfect score on all seven factors listed above.  They are things to look for, not disqualifying mandates.  But the older I get, the more rigorous I am about looking for these features.

The absolute best example I can offer that many of you may be familiar with is Calibre ebook management software. It's open source, actively developed, and has a mature development history.  It can read any ebook file format imaginable.  It can convert just about anything to just about anything else.  It has a plugin system so that third parties can extend its capabilities. It writes all your ebooks in plain formats (if you want) with titles as filenames (in the format you specify) in alphabetized directories.  Nothing goes in the clown.  It just works out of the box, and if it ever dies, it will leave behind a very nice library of all my ebooks nicely sorted, in as many formats as I cared to store.

I spent years looking for a music player and files manager that met my sustainability standards.  I finally found one in FooBar2000, although it requires some tricky setup and operations to get it to organize my files the way I want.  The capability is there, but the user interface is one only a programmer could love.  I had to Google a lot of settings to get it working, but the robust developer and user community meant that my Google searches always got me answers.  

I'm still looking for photo manager/viewer/album software that works like this; there are dozens of candidates but the ones I've trialed all failed in important ways.  Likewise a player/manager for digital movie files; lots of candidates, but I can't find one that ticks all my boxes.  There are lots of other categories of software that don't touch on media files so much, but it's still important to find ones that respect your data, keep it under your control, and curate it for future use after the software itself goes bye-bye.  We could talk content-management software (I like WordPress but it fails some of my tests), word processing, spreadsheets, database management whether large (inventory control) or small (your recipes), calendaring, task management, and many more.  But the principles rarely change: open sourced, future-proofed, respectfully-curated data that stays under your own control.  

What do you think?  I'd be happy to hear what principles y'all use for letting software into your life, and if you have particular favorites that meet my standards (or yours if they differ).  

Thank you for this

I've slowly phased out things like adobe that require costly subscriptions or perpetual license fees in favor of open-source alternatives. Like instead of Photoshop or Illustrator I use Affinity Photo and Designer, instead of Maya I now use Blender.
Pretty much have the same features but at a fraction of the cost.


Although I am a software dev so I have made a lot of custom content creation tools, sometimes I'll stick to professional software if I'm comfortable with the programming language it is written in and can modify it myself.
There are even open source projects out there that you can integrate into your project to make it compatible with like 40+ file formats without a ton of extra work.

Dan Boone wrote:
5) Strive to choose software that will store your data locally, on a hard drive or media that you own and control.  This is another way of saying "Never put your data in the cloud." "The cloud" is marketing-speak for somebody else's computer.  They can turn it off, delete your data, hold your data hostage, hand your data over to any cop or bureaucrat who emails them a good story, whatever. They control it, not you. That's bad.  Jason Scott, archivist for the Internet Archive, calls it "the clown."  Never put your data in the clown.  If somebody suggests you put your data in the cloud, change the word "cloud" to "clown" and ask yourself if the proposition still sounds good to you.  "Sure, I'm happy to put my data in the clown."  Right.  No. Fuck the cloud.

I admit to being cranky about the cloud, aka "the clown."  But yesterday a huge cloud service provider in Europe suffered a datacenter fire.  Forty thousand servers or so burnt up.  Servers in the cloud?  If you mean "cloud of smoke", then, yeah...

VLC and Audacity are classics. VLC will play anything and Audacity is probably the most used recording software for spoken word (churches and conferences).

I don't use metadata so I really don't know how well VLC plays with it, nor do I setup playlists. I just tell it to play all from any specific folder.

I also use Gimp, Inkscape and Firefox.

Still hooked on Microsoft office and particularly outlook. I've been around openoffice, libreoffice, abiword... and still head back to MS.

For academic writing, Zotero. nuff said!

I'll get in trouble for this. I like dropbox...

I'll get my coat.

Ok, no. I use dropbox as a backup service. I have it on my laptop and phone but only running when I tell it to. I update something on my laptop, turn on dropbox, turn off dropbox, turn on dropsync on my phone, turnoff dropsync. I now have all of my important files backed up on my phone that won't disappear if the dropbox servers sink.

It's also an easy way to transfer photos off my phone without using the crappy propriatry software or pulling the sd card.

All of this runs on a 2012 Macbook pro, I use Mac simply so that I can fix other people's when I'm working as an audio, visual technician,

If you keep a copy of old windows xp with the old program you want to use, provided it does not need to be connected to the net, you can still use them. Or so I thought. My CD where I store WinXP with all these programs is now useless as I can't read it anymore. Talking about ephimeral reminds me. Old books lasted for centuries, but they had to be copied if the information was to be preserved. The same thing happens with digital data, however they have to be copied every three years. Data that are not copied within three years and/or have no backup copies risk to be lost forever, be it on the clown or in your house.

Now think what a long war in China may provoke.
Moral of the fable: any critical data should be kept in safer hardware storages (paper, vinyl, engraved stone). Less critical data can be kept in local hard disks, using scheduled backups. Any data you don't mind losing you can leave it to the clown for convenience. And it would be useful to keep a copy of the software that reads the data formats, just in case you aren't able to find it online anymore.

But you know, internet providers just want to sell services to us, since copying digital data is very cheap and they don't make money selling just one copy of anything.

Planning for a post-internet computing era (which may or may not happen, but which is a real possibility, at least for the non-rich, in various scenarios of collapse or technological retrenchment in a post-fossil-carbon world) is really complicated and very daunting, if not entirely impossible.  The "every three years" rule for magnetic media is a common rule of thumb used by careful archivists, but I've had really good luck with magnetic media over decadal timescales.  It tends to die from compatibility issues (nothing left that it will plug into) before it does from longevity issues (magnetic stuff flakes off what it's glued to or actually demagnetizes beyond readability).  So my scheme tends to be "copy the old hard drive onto the new much bigger hard drive, throw the old hard drive in a box" so that I'm always working from a new drive with two or three generations of older drives that still "ought to work" if the new one flakes prematurely.  And then I have still yet older drives that I could theoretically plug into something, but it would take work or procurement to set up the something.  Bottom of the box has drives that probably wouldn't spin up any more, but I would try if I really needed to.  (Somewhere on one of those I theoretically have some fractional bitcoin, but it didn't reveal itself during the one half-serious search I did.)

There's still nothing that compares to ink on well-stored paper, but note that "inkjet" printer "ink" is not actual ink; it tends to fade.  Laser printing is essentially plastic bits laid down hot (it looks like melted runny plastic under a microscope) and is fade-resistant, but I have seen old laser printer printouts where the "ink" was flaking off.  An old dot matrix or daisy wheel printer would be the best printer for electronic data you wanted to preserve on paper; they HAMMER the ink into the paper, forcing it into the fibers and leaving physical evidence of the letters even if the ink fades.  

I would dearly love a personal-use technology that let me laser-etch texts and images onto small sheets of quartz crystal or strong tempered glass (think Pyrex or Corningware or those hard-to-break superthin glass sheets that you stick on your phone to protect the actual screen from breaking) about the size of postcards or index cards.  These would be artifacts for mailing data into the deep future; they could be reasonably expected to last 10,000 years or more.  Our best examples are also our first examples, the inscribed clay tablets of Mesopotamia dating back five or six thousand years.  I merely want a way to mechanically inscribe my own tablets, on something a bit more durable than dried clay.  

If you feel really enthusiastic you could probably convert the dot matix to print on clay tablets. You'd need to change the feed to completely flat and the height of the bed but you'd never run out of ink!

Regarding photo viewer I'm using IrfanView for years and am satisfied with it. Has a lot of options, plug-ins, etc.
And it looks like I would have to try FooBar2000 again, thanks for that one (I was a Winamp girl for years).
Oh, and I completely agree with your principles/guidelines with choosing software, although I do have to compromise for some, especially when collaborating with other people.

I am a big fan of using plain text for most information. Plain text will always be readable provided you have access to the bits themselves. It can be version-controlled, compared easily, there's no versioning of any kind, and the worst that can happen is that accented characters turn out weird.

Has anyone used or had experience with UBUNTU STUDIO? It bundles many of the software mentioned on the forum post (blender, gimp, VLC, foobar, audacity) in an easy to install USBthumb drive that you can put on any old recycled thrift store computer. Also TRASHROBOT is building 3d printers with recycled CDRom Drives

It's been almost a year since I started this thread.  Has anybody found any good sustainable software (by the cranky/personal definition of sustainable I outlined in the original post) since reading this?

My own current project is looking for a personal (offline, not cloud-based, not web-server based) kanban board software to use for my private workflows and to-do lists.  If you don't know what a kanban board is, think Trello.  You can do kanban with physical sticky notes on a whiteboard, moving them from column to column as your tasks go from "to-do" to "in progress" to "complete".  I want to do it in software, but unlike Trello, I want something that runs on my Windows computer, without me needing to have a cloud provider or a server running somewhere.  (Yes, it's always possible to run my own server.  But for a task this simple, it's overkill and a pain.)  

For the last six months or so I've been running  My Personal KanBan 2.0. It works, and it's convinced me I'm going to continue tracking tasks this way.  I've got one for my freelance projects, I've got one for my business stuff, and I've got one (honestly not using this one regularly yet) for my gardening and property-management to-dos. But this software is a one-person hobby project that never quite got finished; it's lacking a lot of interface stuff that it needs to be truly convenient and easy to use, plus it has several annoying bugs.  Still, it works.

So far I haven't found any other open-source kanban boards that will install and run easily under Windows without needing to phone home and keep all my stuff on a server or a cloud service somewhere else.   This list of Trello alternatives gives a pretty good picture of the state of the art as far as my research has gone.  Everything in written in PHP or Javascript.  In theory I could set up a runtime environment for any of them on a Windows box, but it's a pain -- not so much to set up as to maintain.  One of them -- something called Wekan -- has instructions for installation under Windows.  That starts with setting up a database and a Java runtime environment.  I could probably do that, but... it's a bit much for this task.  It's too complex to be sustainable, basically.  I need (I want) something with a Windows installer.

So this is my Hail Mary crowdsource request for suggestions.  Anybody know of a "sustainable" stand-alone kanban board software for the Windows computing environment?  Thanks!

I don't have any suggestions for kanban software (and I would be interested if you find one!), but I might have a suggestion for a photo manager.

I use Hydrus, which while aimed at downloading images from image galleries, has a tagging system for photos that lets you easily search by those or by metadata. For example, I could run a search and say "show me any photos that I've had for over a year, are over 1MB in size, and are tagged with flower".
You can also have namespaces (categories) for tags, such as artist:, date-taken:, person:, or whatever you can think of.
The program runs on Windows, Mac/OSX, and Linux - I have only tried it on Windows and Linux, but it was very stable on both.

As far as your rules go:
Open source: Yes, and since it is written in Python, you could run it directly from the source code instead of using the executables if wanted.
File formats: Files are kept as their original format, regardless of whether that's a .jpg, .png, .gif, etc. Tags are stored in a SQLite DB but can be exported automatically on a regular basis via various processes and plugins.
Storage names: Files are stored in nested folders, where the file names are hashes of the files and the folder names are the beginnings of those hashes. There may be a way to make it human-friendly via a plugin, but I have not looked into it.
Where data is saved: easily customizable via the program, you can even have multiple image databases, synchronized backup folders, or exports of specific searches that update on a regular basis.
Storing data locally: no clown support as far as I can tell, everything is local.
Syncing and the clown: no syncing.
Storing metadata in the files: I do not know if Hydrus does this, but I believe it has a way to copy all of the tags for each image into a .txt alongside the image file. It is something I should look into.

Every piece of software that I run on my computer is open source (aside from games and some specific audio software that I pay for), so I may have more suggestions if there is anything else you are looking for.
One very useful piece of software that I use is FSearch - which indexes your hard drives and lets you very quickly find files if you know the name, which is especially useful if you have a Word document or similar but have no idea where you put it. The Windows equivalent (unfortunately closed source but still free) is Everything.

Logan, thank you for those suggestions! I will check out both of them.  These little capsule reviews are very helpful to me, even if not everything lines up with my most curmudgeonly desiderata.  Online software reviews that are written as SEO bait usually focus on a few of the flashiest features of the software without ever really diving into the sort of nitty-gritty platform details that are, IMO, usually more important than the features.

Dan Boone wrote:Logan, thank you for those suggestions! I will check out both of them.  These little capsule reviews are very helpful to me, even if not everything lines up with my most curmudgeonly desiderata.  Online software reviews that are written as SEO bait usually focus on a few of the flashiest features of the software without ever really diving into the sort of nitty-gritty platform details that are, IMO, usually more important than the features.

I have been using Hydrus since some time in 2015 - so if you have any other questions/criteria that you want me to answer (to save you time before you decide to try it or not), I am more than happy to!

A quick list of some other software I use by category/purpose (all open source and should meet most of your criteria, although some may be Linux-specific):
Web Browser: Firefox (with uBlock Origin, Privacy Badger, Tampermonkey, and NoScript)
Calculator: SpeedCrunch
Text/Code Editor: Notepadqq (Notepad++ on Windows), but I am looking at switching to Geany instead
Email Client: Claws Mail (very minimal client that can easily handle hundreds of email accounts, but not for everyone), a good flashier/modern alternative is Thunderbird
Financial Tracker: GnuCash

Some great thoughts in the op.  Also, I look forward to looking into some of the software mentioned.

As far as the cloud goes, don't think that just because you bought the software on a physical CD that they still won't turn of the spigot on you.  I own Photoshop CS3 on CD.  Yeah, it's a little outdated, but I was going along happily thinking, "woe to the unhappy saps that have to do the subscription thing".  The other day I went to install it on another computer and guess what?  Adobe shut down their license server, so it won't install anymore!  <much anger.  throwing things.  wasn't pretty.>
The clown strikes again!

As far as backups go, I'm using SyncTrayzor, which is the windows ui version of Syncthing though there are mac, linux, and android versions as well (all opensource) The important thing is the tool backs up data between my own computers.  All it does is watch for files that change and then copies them back and forth when it detects the other computer/device is online.   Set and forget.  Works great.

Also, don't overlook version control software such as GIT, Mercurial, or SVN.  They are quite sophisticated and great for situations like "oops, I really wish I hadn't changed that".  No problem.  Just go back to a version before you changed that.

Thank you for bringing up Syncthing/SyncTrayzor! I use that for syncing data between my computer and phone - that way if I take a photo or buy a new ebook, I don't have to deal with manually transferring from one to the other.

Syncthing also works with computers outside of your network! I have a few folders that I have synced with my friends in other states/countries, and we store our encrypted backups in our respective folders - that way if something happens and an earthquake/tornado/fire/flood/etc destroys our data, we have "cloud" backups, but hosted by people we know rather than clowns.

Syncthing looks really interesting, it might get me off dropbox!

Dan Boone wrote:It's been almost a year since I started this thread.  Has anybody found any good sustainable software (by the cranky/personal definition of sustainable I outlined in the original post) since reading this?

https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted is a great repository of software that is largely designed to keep you in control of your own data. If you do a control-f search of that page for 'kanban' or 'trello' there are a lot of results. I looked at a few and there is a mix. Some of them install locally, and some install with Docker and are intended to run on a server for multiple users, but you can totally install them on your windows PC and access them through the browser. Several of them mention storing your data in text files and other universal/human readable formats.

I don't use kanban techniques ... just track everything in Notepad++ ... if the item is in my left-hand tree-view, it's being worked on; file naming scheme helps me prioritize work. Anything beyond a text file, and file formats, programs, installations, dependencies, etc. get complicated, and end up slowing me down. This may not be for everybody, but I love a simple .txt file ... it's worked for decades now (and never not worked).

WRT local kanban software, perhaps Focalboard's version of it would work for you:

 https://www.focalboard.com/download/personal-edition/desktop/
 https://github.com/mattermost/focalboard/releases

If I needed a clown ... er ... cloud, I'd open my synology nas box to the internet (securely), and install the bits and bobs. So far, have remained cloud- & subscription-free, and open-source, virtualized, in most every category.

With the intense push to get a recurring income stream (your money, each month) from you, it ain't easy ... but it's still possible.

K Eilander wrote:
As far as backups go, I'm using SyncTrayzor, which is the windows ui version of Syncthing though there are mac, linux, and android versions as well (all opensource) The important thing is the tool backs up data between my own computers.  All it does is watch for files that change and then copies them back and forth when it detects the other computer/device is online.   Set and forget.  Works great.

Note the huge difference between backup and sharing.  SyncThing is for sharing.  It is not for backups.  If you delete a file, SyncThing will dutifully propagate that operation even if you did it by mistake.  If you delete a file and you have backups, the backup copies are still available.

The first numbered bullet/paragraph in my OP was focused on choosing open source software for sustainability.  I just now saw a person on Mastodon state that very starkly:

In the long run, only open source software exists.

Every closed source program (and some corporate OSS) is on an invisible timer for either the company to get bored and shut it down or one of the increasingly small number of Big Companies to buy that thing you rely on and set it on fire.

Truth!

Nathan Stephanson wrote:

Dan Boone wrote:It's been almost a year since I started this thread.  Has anybody found any good sustainable software (by the cranky/personal definition of sustainable I outlined in the original post) since reading this?

https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted is a great repository of software that is largely designed to keep you in control of your own data. If you do a control-f search of that page for 'kanban' or 'trello' there are a lot of results. I looked at a few and there is a mix. Some of them install locally, and some install with Docker and are intended to run on a server for multiple users, but you can totally install them on your windows PC and access them through the browser. Several of them mention storing your data in text files and other universal/human readable formats.

The self-hosted repo is a great resource.

I too am anti-cloud, and pro data privacy.  I have a private cloud, so as to say, everything running on my own personal server in a closet in my shop using open source software and am working on tape backup. But this stuff is my hobby and also my day job.  It's very difficult for the everyday person to do. I suppose the same can be said for permaculture and homesteading. Backing data up for instance is such a big task.  3-2-1 is the standard, 3 copies of data on different devices, 2 different medias, one off site.  The path of least resistance of the cloud is so alluring.  But in my experience, giving your data to a third party, especially a free service, for storage always ends up being an extortion scheme in the long run.

Dan Boone wrote:It's been almost a year since I started this thread.  Has anybody found any good sustainable software (by the cranky/personal definition of sustainable I outlined in the original post) since reading this?

My own current project is looking for a personal (offline, not cloud-based, not web-server based) kanban board software to use for my private workflows and to-do lists.

My current favourite of the bunch is https://obsidian.md/. It ticks almost every box on your list (a list which is remarkably similar to my own, incidentally). It’s only a few years old, but it’s made great strides in that time. I use it as my primary thinking, writing, journaling, and organisation tool.

Obsidian:

1) Is not open source. The devs have laid out why not here. I happen to agree with their reasoning - I’m not a programmer, so even if the code was available for a program, I wouldn’t be able to tell anything by it. (You can actually examine the entire code that Obsidian runs right from the app itself. Open the developer console, hit the "Sources" tab and open "app.js". There's a button at the bottom that says "{}" which will neatly format the source code for you to examine.) Obsidian does, however, have an extremely active community, especially for community (ie third-party) plugins.

2) Uses markdown as its default file format, and can read .txt, .jpg, .pdf files with the built-in program. Several other file formats can be supported via community plugins.

3) Operates on top of a local folder on your hard drive. You can get to said folder from within Obsidian or via the computer’s file directory. If Obsidian went away tomorrow, you’d still have access to your files and folders, in exactly the same structure as they are inside the app. Because it’s all under your control, choosing descriptive file names is up to the user 😉

4) Lets you decide where your files live. You’re in complete control of which note goes where, how many folders you have, how they’re organised, etc. You can create a vault (the top-level folder Obsidian works with) just about anywhere on your computer that isn’t forbidden by the OS.

5) Has a local-first philosophy. You can put your data in the cloud if you want - I do, because I work with the same files on three different devices - but it’s your choice to do so or not. The Obsidian community is very good about making sure that people know sync is not backup, too.

6) Leaves sync to user choice, but provides several methods/how-tos for those that want the option. They support multiple sync services, as well as sell their own encrypted service for those that want it. Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud Drive, OneDrive, Syncthing all work for syncing between computers. If you need to sync mobile devices (I do), the options are limited to iCloud and Obsidian Sync. Many people also use Git for sync and backup.

7) I can’t actually answer this one - I don’t know enough about the markdown file format to say whether there’s any meaningful metadata to store. I keep my personal metadata within the text of my files (Obsidian supports YAML) so it’s always with the information for which it’s pertinent.

The really powerful thing about Obsidian is the almost-endless customisation options via community plugins. There’s a lot of programmers who use the app, so many plugins came out of them scratching their own itch for a feature. Once you’ve downloaded and installed a plugin, usage is generally offline (unless it’s a plugin that’s designed to talk to a web based service, such as your Google calendar or the Git backup plugin).

Some of the most popular plugins are:

Advanced Tables (markdown doesn’t handle tables well - this makes the experience nicer)

Dataview (lets you query information within your notes and produce tables and lists from it. I use this extensively for my textile projects, book notes and reading lists, tracking my yarn and fibre stash, and more)

Kanban (creates kanban boards with your notes, something Dan might find useful?)

Calendar (adds a calendar view for managing daily notes, which are a core feature)

Templater (greatly extends what you can do with template notes, using .js scripting. Too powerful for my needs, but beloved by many)

Tasks (has turned Obsidian into a full-fledged task and project management machine for me. Lets you add scheduled, start, and due dates to list items, and query your vault using things like tags, when a thing is due, where in your vault it is, etc.)

Almost forgot to mention: it’s available cross-platform, Windows, Mac and Linux. Plus mobile apps for android and iOS.

(I don’t mean to sound like a shill for the tool, I promise. 🙈 It’s just that this app is one of the only ones I’ve found that ticks so many of my software boxes, and lets me do so many things from the one place with relative ease. After grumbling at Evernote for so many years, Obsidian was a revelation.)