I am in a different climate out West, but I am a firm believer in beans. When I first started out I was shelling them by hand, which is a real chore if you are growing 50 lbs or so. Now I cut the plants and leave them in the sun on a tarp for a couple days, stomping them and turning them a few times. Then you just toss all the stems, and winnow what is left in front of a fan. They are not the most space efficient crop, and I do need to
water them in my climate. But, I have also never had any pest problems. If you can keep large animals from browsing on the leaves, they are basically bulletproof; as once the beans start to ripen, nothing around here will eat them. It is very frustrating to have a whole field of nearly ripe grain be decimated by birds and squirrels.
I used to grow a lot of potatoes, but with how hot and dry our summers are getting, I am having a harder time with them. Sweet potatoes, though, thrive with more heat. I also like that with sweet potatoes you can propagate plants from clonal cuttings, which reduces the amount of tubers you need to set aside for seed by a considerable margin. 6 small sweet potatoes can easily yield enough plants to plant the same area that you would need a 20lb crate of seed potatoes for. Curing the sweet potatoes before storage is a bit of a hassle, but they have always kept really well for me.
I tried cowpeas several years, and they do not seem to thrive here. They taste more or less like beans to me, anyway.
Corn will do well here if I grow a short-season type, and get a jump on the season by starting them in
newspaper pots to be transplanted out. I have been really enjoying a popcorn variety called Dakota Black that I want to say is 90 days to maturity. So far nothing has bothered the corn - my garden is in the woods - so I am at the mercy of any marauding wildlife that can get over or through a 7 foot
fence.
Winter squash is also good, but it is a little harder to save seed from if you have multiple varieties growing close by.
Also, if you want a bounty of easy calories for not much work, do not forget about fruit
trees. And especially dont forget about your neighbors fruit trees! I could get as many free apples as I could ever hope to make cider from, and I picked almost 80lbs of cherries this summer that would have otherwise just have gone to the birds.