"Some of the fruits on this prickly pear plant are shrivelling up and turning yellow. Any idea why, mum?" asked Spot.
She was right. I'd noticed it about a week ago. It seems that one by one each of the fruits are giving up and falling off. I've never seen this happen on any of my prickly pears before and couldn't figure out why. I'd even watered it, which is something I almost never do for prickly pears, but the fruits had continued to give up, one by one.
The only other thing I could think of was that maybe they never got pollinated, but everything I could find out about them suggested that they don't need another plant to pollinate them as they are self-fertile. And my experience has until now confirmed this. But this is a seed-grown plant, so maybe, just maybe, it's different? And maybe there was no other prickly pear flowering at the same time as this one? It was the last of them to flower this year, so it's possible.
Rosa, in the meantime, was checking out the orange tree.
This one seemed pretty straightforward to her and she declared oranges to be fruit then went to find Spot's new hiding place in the greengage tree.
It's another young tree which gives the sweetest, most delicious little plums imaginable and Rosa declared "Fruit!" almost straight away.
Spot, however, got distracted by the blackberries, which are just beginning to ripen.
"Hey Rosa," she called. "Do you want a blackberry?"
Rosa loves blackberries. They are part of the rose family, and she loves roses. She is named for them after all. She accepted the first ripe blackberry of the season and thought carefully as she ate it, even more carefully so as not to stain herself. She is very particular about maintaining her pinkness.
Were they fruit? She was pretty sure they were. And yet they don't grow on trees...
"Mum, do you think my definition should be
'grow on plants' rather than '
grow on trees'?" she asked.
"Possibly. Shall we pick some tomatoes to have with lunch while you think about it?"
"Oooh yes please!" and she ran to the GAMCOD bed to hunt for tomatoes.
She stared at them for a moment. Then said "They are fruit, aren't they? But they don't grow on trees. I'm going to change my definition!"
We picked enough to have with lunch and I went to pop them into the house.
"Mum can we go and see what's growing next door? They have lots of fruit trees and they said we could go on there any time we want."
"Yes I think that would be ok. But no pinching any of their fruit!"
"Of course not mum. They give us plenty anyway and we would never take from them without permission. They put a lot of work into their fruit trees and keep them beautifully."
So we went to have a look to see if they had anything interesting.
"Look mum - they still have a couple of lemons on their lemon tree!"
Rosa gazed wistfully at a very pretty lemon and I felt a pang of guilt for picking the last three off our tree without consulting her beforehand.
"They have some ripe oranges still, too!"
"Why so they have! That's much later than any of ours. Though he's a bit of a collector when it comes to citrus - he has at least one of every type he can find. He gives us orange lemons and yellow limes sometimes. It's confusing..."
Then they found a chestnut tree.
I've had no luck growing chestnut trees as there is chestnut blight in the area, but this one is grafted onto resistant rootstock. I keep hoping that it will put up some shoots from below the graft that I can scrounge to grow my own resistant rootstock but no luck yet. I've tried with seed from trees that seemed to have escaped, or survived, the blight but no luck with those yet either.
Rosa stared thoughtfully at the chestnuts growing on the tree.
"Well Rosa, what do you think? Are they fruit."
"I don't think the tree wants us to eat them." she decided eventually. "There's no tasty or sweet or juicy bit surrounding them. Just a big seed. And if you eat that, you're going to crunch it up and then it won't grow. So I don't think it's a fruit because fruit is meant to be eaten."
"That's what I think too." I agreed.
"Can we look up behind the house? I think the quince tree that survived the fire is fruiting and we should get a photo."
"Come on then. Let's go and see."
On the way we passed a rose bush so naturally Rosa stopped to have a look.
"I think rose hips are fruit too. They don't grow on a tree but they do want birds to eat them. Maybe not us, but birds."
"Well you're a dragon. And I tend to think that birds are just feathery dragons. Hard to know where to draw the line sometimes..." I agreed.
"I think birds are dragons too." Rosa decided. "And chameleons!"
"Speaking of which, where is she?"
"Probably half way up the quince tree by now. She likes climbing trees!"
And so she was.
I took the photo, and Rosa declared quince to be a fruit.
"While we're up here, can we go and find the apple tree we scrump from on the abandoned bit of land between the two properties?"
"Well I'm sure we can, but it was never completely abandoned. And our neighbours have bought it now. They told us years ago that no-one ever came to harvest it and that we could take the fruit if we wanted rather than let it go to waste."
"Well it does seem a shame to let it all waste. So why did nobody harvest it?"
"Oh it was tied up with an usufruct when the original owner died probably and the person who inherited it didn't really want it but couldn't sell it for years."
"Tied up with a what?"
"An usufruct."
"That's a really ugly word. What does it mean?"
"Well I guess it sounds pretty ugly in English. In Portuguese it's an
usufruto."
"Ooooh - now that's a really pretty word! And it's perfectly obvious what it means now -
use of the fruit!"
"When a land-owner dies in Portugal, the land is divided up between the children. But the spouse retains
usufruto on it for their lifetime. So there are loads of tiny bits of land all over the place because after a few generations the land has been divided again and again and the current owners often have no interest in it but can't sell it because their surviving parent still has
usufruto. When we had the fire here two years ago, there was a bit of land near the neighbours' house which hadn't been cleaned and they were out with the firemen nearly all night battling with the fire there so it didn't reach their house. And since then every time a bit of land adjoining theirs has come up for sale, they've bought it so they can keep it cleaned. There is a law in Portugal that any rustic land has to be offered to owners of neighbouring land, so when an
usufruto expires it's becoming quite normal for it to be snapped up by anyone living nearby. And I think it's a good thing!"
"So does
usufruto mean that all they can do with it is harvest the fruit?"
"No. If you have
usufruto you can do pretty much anything with the land, just as if you owned it outright. Except you can't do anything to devalue it."
"Anything?" asked Rosa thoughtfully. "So
usufruto means more than just my definition of fruit?"
"They can live on it, rent it out, whatever. Fruit in this case would mean something more like '
fruits of the land' or '
fruits of your labour'. Pretty much any benefit that the land could provide. Not just stuff that grows on trees.
We reached the apple tree and I dutifully took the photo.
And then we headed back to the house.
Rosa was rather quiet and thoughtful on the way home, and later I overheard her talking with Spot about language and words and how a word tends to stand for a concept, but that the boundaries of a concept tend to change over time and between languages. Spot is a bit of a linguist and speaks all sorts of different languages, including ones that depend on colour changes rather than words.
And then Rosa disappeared into the kitchen and I heard sounds of cutting and chopping and the clinking of bowls. And she appeared triumphantly a few minutes late.
"Look mum - I made you a fruit salad!"
I looked into the bowl.
There was indeed a fruit salad in it.
Cucumber. Tomatoes. Sweet pepper. Olives. And a dressing of olive oil and vinegar with some ground pepper off our pepper tree.
"Why thankyou Rosa!"
And I noticed the way her eyes sparkled mischievously. And I suspected she'd drawn her own boundaries around her own use of the word fruit.
It was delicious, too.
Only I forgot to take a photo, so I'm going to post one of some blackberries instead...